★ 2026
Quantum Computing and Quantum Simulation
5. Reinforcement-learning-optimized quantum compiling on a superconducting quantum processor: Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol. Accepted (2026).
4. Investigation of two-particle correlation dynamics using tunable superconducting qutrit simulators: Phys. Rev. Lett. Accepted (2026).
3. Observation and multidimensional control of the quantum Mpemba effect on a tunable-coupling, fully connected superconducting quantum chip [Editors’ Suggestion]: Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 010402 (2026).
2. Realization of non-equilibrium criticality-enhanced quantum sensing with superconducting qubits [Cover Story]: Sci. Bull. 71, 2996–3003 (2026).
1. Quantum simulation surpassing classical algorithms on the “Zuchongzhi 2.0” superconducting quantum processor: Nature 650, 79–85 (2026).
Quantum Algorithms and Quantum Artificial Intelligence
1. Artificial intelligence for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems: “LoRe: Adaptive Interaction–Evaluation Routing with One-Step Interaction Budget for Iterative Graph Solvers” [Top-tier AI Conference]: ICML (2026).
Invention Patents and Software Copyrights
3. Calibration method and apparatus for quantum computers based on large language models and reinforcement learning, inventors: Yipeng Zhang, Chenglin Deng, Xueyi Guo, Zhengan Wang, Yueshan Xu, Hao Li, Kaixuan Huang, Jintao Li, Bu Yang, Yunhao Shi, Heng Fan, application No.: CN202610105812.5, publication No.: CN122175027A;
2. Method, system, device, and storage medium for measuring external-field parameters in superconducting quantum systems, inventors: Hao Li, Kaixuan Huang, Jintao Li, Yipeng Zhang, Yueshan Xu, Chenglin Deng, Bu Yang, Ziting Wang, Zhengan Wang, Caiping Fang, Kai Xu, Heng Fan, application No.: CN202610041442.3, publication No.: CN122133844A；
1. Method and apparatus for estimating external-field parameters of quantum systems, inventors: Kaixuan Huang, Weiguo Ma, Hao Li, Kui Zhao, Yueshan Xu, Yipeng Zhang, Jintao Li, Ziting Wang, Chenglin Deng, Caiping Fang, Xueyi Guo, Zhipeng Yang, Bu Yang, Zhengan Wang, Kai Xu, Heng Fan, application No.: CN202610099197.1, publication No.: CN122198170A.
★ Before 2026
[19] Kui Zhao#, Ziting Wang#, Yu Liu#, Gui-Han Liang#, Cai-Ping Fang, Yun-Hao Shi, Lv Zhang, Jia-Chi Zhang, Tian-Ming Li, Hao Li, Yueshan Xu, Wei-Guo Ma, Hao-Tian Liu, Jia-Cheng Song, Zhen-Ting Bao, Yong-Xi Xiao, Bing-Jie Chen, Cheng-Lin Deng, Zheng-He Liu, Yang He, Si-Yun Zhou, Xiaohui Song, Zhongcheng Xiang, Dongning Zheng, Kaixuan Huang*, Kai Xu*, Heng Fan*, Microwave engineering of tunable spin interactions with superconducting qubits, Appl. Phys. Lett., 127, 064001 (2025).
[18] Kui Zhao#, Wei-Guo Ma, Ziting Wang, Hao Li, Kaixuan Huang, Yun-Hao Shi*, Kai Xu*, Heng Fan*, Microwave-activated high-fidelity three-qubit gate scheme for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits, Phys. Rev. Applied, 24, 034064 (2025).
[17] Yong-Yi Wang#, Yun-Hao Shi#, Zheng-Hang Sun#, Chi-Tong Chen, Zheng-An Wang, Kui Zhao, Hao-Tian Liu, Wei-Guo Ma, Ziting Wang, Hao Li, Jia-Chi Zhang, Yu Liu, Cheng-Lin Deng, Tian-Ming Li, Yang He, Zheng-He Liu, Zhen-Yu Peng, Xiaohui Song, Guangming Xue, Haifeng Yu, Kaixuan Huang*, Zhongcheng Xiang*, Dongning Zheng, Kai Xu*, and Heng Fan*, Exploring Hilbert-Space Fragmentation on a Superconducting Processor, PRX Quantum, 6, 010325 (2025).
[16] Yu Liu#, Yu-Ran Zhang#, Yun-Hao Shi, Tao Liu, Congwei Lu, Yong-Yi Wang, Hao Li, Tian-Ming Li, Cheng-Lin Deng, Si-Yun Zhou, Tong Liu, Jia-Chi Zhang, Gui-Han Liang, Zheng-Yang Mei, Wei-Guo Ma, Hao-Tian Liu, Zheng-He Liu, Chi-Tong Chen, Kaixuan Huang, Xiaohui Song, SP Zhao, Ye Tian, Zhongcheng Xiang*, Dongning Zheng, Franco Nori, Kai Xu*, Heng Fan*, Interplay between disorder and topology in Thouless pumping on a superconducting quantum processor, Nat. Commun. 16, 108 (2025).
[15] Zheng-He Liu#, Yu Liu#, Gui-Han Liang#, Cheng-Lin Deng#, Keyang Chen, Yun-Hao Shi, Tian-Ming Li, Lv Zhang, Bing-Jie Chen, Cai-Ping Fang, Da’er Feng, Xu-Yang Gu, Yang He, Kaixuan Huang, Hao Li, Hao-Tian Liu, Li Li, Zheng-Yang Mei, Zhen-Yu Peng, Jia-Cheng Song, Ming-Chuan Wang, Shuai-Li Wang, Ziting Wang, Yongxi Xiao, Minke Xu, Yue-Shan Xu, Yu Yan, Yi-Han Yu, Wei-Ping Yuan, Jia-Chi Zhang, Jun-Jie Zhao, Kui Zhao, Si-Yun Zhou, Zheng-An Wang, Xiaohui Song, Ye Tian, Yu-Ran Zhang, Pan Zhang, Zhongcheng Xiang*, Dongning Zheng, Kai Xu*, Hongzheng Zhao* and Heng Fan*. Prethermalization by Random Multipolar Driving on a 78-Qubit Superconducting Processor. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2503.21553 (2025).
[14] Hao-Tian Liu#, Bing-Jie Chen#, Jia-Chi Zhang, Yong-Xi Xiao, Tian-Ming Li, Kaixuan Huang, Ziting Wang, Hao Li, Kui Zhao, Yueshan Xu, Cheng-Lin Deng, Gui-Han Liang, Zheng-He Liu, Si-Yun Zhou, Cai-Ping Fang, Xiaohui Song, Zhongcheng Xiang, Dongning Zheng, Yun-Hao Shi*, Kai Xu*, Heng Fan*, Direct Implementation of High-Fidelity Three-Qubit Gates for Superconducting Processor with Tunable Couplers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 050602 (2025).
[13] Tian-Ming Li#, Jia-Chi Zhang#, Bing-Jie Chen#, Kaixuan Huang, Hao-Tian Liu, Yong-Xi Xiao, Cheng-Lin Deng, Gui-Han Liang, Chi-Tong Chen, Yu Liu, Hao Li, Zhen-Ting Bao, Kui Zhao, Yueshan Xu, Li Li, Yang He, Zheng-He Liu, Yi-Han Yu, Si-Yun Zhou, Yan-Jun Liu, Xiaohui Song, Dongning Zheng, Zhong-Cheng Xiang, Yun-Hao Shi*, Kai Xu*, Heng Fan*, High-precision pulse calibration of tunable couplers for high-fidelity two-qubit gates in superconducting quantum processors. Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 024059 (2025).
[12] Z. T. Wang#, Qiuhao Chen#, Yuxuan Du*, Z. H. Yang, Xiaoxia Cai, Kaixuan Huang, Jingning Zhang, Kai Xu, Jun Du, Yinan Li, Yuling Jiao, Xingyao Wu, Wu Liu, Xiliang Lu, Huikai Xu, Yirong Jin, Ruixia Wang*, Haifeng Yu*, S. P. Zhao, Quantum Compiling with Reinforcement Learning on a Superconducting Processor. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2406.12195 (2024).
[11] Zi-Ting Wang#, Rui-Xia Wang#, Peng Zhao, Zhao-Hua Yang, Kaixuan Huang*, Kai Xu, Yong-Sheng Zhang*, Heng Fan, Shi-Ping Zhao, Meng-Jun Hu*, and Hai-Feng Yu, Demonstration of Maxwell Demon-assistant Einstein-Podolsky-RosenSteering via Superconducting Quantum Processor. Phys. Rev. Res. 6, L032073 (2024).
[10] Cheng-Lin Deng#, Yu Liu#, Yu-Ran Zhang#, Xue-Gang Li, Tao Liu, Chi-Tong Chen, Tong Liu, Cong-Wei Lu, Yong-Yi Wang, Tian-Ming Li, Cai-Ping Fang, Si-Yun Zhou, Jia-Cheng Song, Yue-Shan Xu, Yang He, Zheng-He Liu, Kaixuan Huang, Zhong-Cheng Xiang, Jie-Ci Wang, Dong-Ning Zheng, Guang-Ming Xue, Kai Xu*, H. F. Yu*, Heng Fan*, High-order topological pumping on a superconducting quantum simulator. Phy. Rev. Lett. 133, 140402(2024).
[9] Yun-Hao Shi#, Zheng-Hang Sun#, Yong-Yi Wang#, Zheng-An Wang, Yu-Ran Zhang, Wei-Guo Ma, Hao-Tian Liu, Kui Zhao, Jia-Cheng Song, Gui-Han Liang, Zheng-Yang Mei, Jia-Chi Zhang, Hao Li, Chi-Tong Chen, Xiaohui Song, Jieci Wang, Guangming Xue, Haifeng Yu, Kaixuan Huang*, Zhongcheng Xiang*, Kai Xu*, Dongning Zheng, and Heng Fan*, Probing spin hydrodynamics on a superconducting quantum simulator. Nat. Commun. 15, 7573 (2024).
[8] Zhao-Hua Yang#, Rui-Xia Wang#, Zi-Tong Wang, Peng Zhao, Kaixuan Huang, Kai Xu, Ye Tian, Hai-Feng Yu, and Shi-Ping Zhao, Mitigation of microwave crosstalk with parameterized single-qubit gate in superconducting quantum circuits. Appl. Phys. Lett., 124, 214001 (2024). editor's pick.
[7] Yun-Hao Shi#, Yu Liu#, Yu-Ran Zhang#, Zhongcheng Xiang#, Kaixuan Huang, Tao Liu, Yong-Yi Wang, Jia-Chi Zhang, Cheng-Lin Deng, Gui-Han Liang, Zheng-Yang Mei, Hao Li, Tian-Ming Li, Wei-Guo Ma, Hao-Tian Liu, Chi-Tong Chen, Tong Liu, Ye Tian, Xiaohui Song, S. P. Zhao, Kai Xu*, Dongning Zheng*, Franco Nori*, Heng Fan*, Quantum simulation of topological zero modes on a 41-qubit superconducting processor. Phy. Rev. Lett. 131, 080401 (2023).
[6] Zhong-Cheng Xiang#, Kaixuan Huang#, Yu-Ran Zhang#, Tao Liu, Yun-Hao Shi, Cheng-Lin Deng, Tong Liu, Hao Li, Gui-Han Liang, Zheng-Yang Mei, Haifeng Yu, Guangming Xue, Ye Tian, Xiaohui Song, Zhi-Bo Liu, Kai Xu*, Dongning Zheng, Franco Nori*, Heng Fan*, Simulating Chern insulators on a superconducting quantum processor. Nat. Commun. 14, 5433 (2023).
[5] Yun-Hao Shi#, Run-Qiu Yang#, Zhong-Cheng Xiang#, Zi-Yong Ge, Hao Li, Yong-Yi Wang, Kaixuan Huang, Ye Tian, Xiao-Hui Song, Dong-Ning Zheng, Kai Xu*, Rong-Gen Cai*, and Heng Fan*, Quantum simulation of Hawking radiation and curved spacetime with a superconducting on-chip black hole. Nat. Commun. 14, 3263 (2023).
[4] Hao Li#, Yong-Yi Wang#, Yun-Hao Shi, Kaixuan Huang, Xiaohui Song, Gui-Han Liang, Zheng-Yang Mei, Bozhen Zhou, He Zhang, Jia-Chi Zhang, Shu Chen, Shiping Zhao, Ye Tian, Zhan-Ying Yang, Zhongcheng Xiang, Kai Xu*, Dongning Zheng*, Heng Fan*, Observation of critical phase transition in a generalized Aubry-André-Harper model on a superconducting quantum processor with tunable couplers. npj Quantum Inf. 9, 40 (2023).
[3] Tong Liu, Shang Liu, Hekang Li, Hao Li, Kaixuan Huang, Zhongcheng Xiang, Xiaohui Song, Kai Xu*, Dongning Zheng*, Heng Fan*, Observation of entanglement negativity transition of pseudo-random mixed states, Nat. Commun. 14, 1971 (2023).
[2] Kai Xu#, Yu-Ran Zhang#, Zheng-Hang Sun#, Hekang Li, Pengtao Song, Zhongcheng Xiang, Kaixuan Huang, Hao Li, Yun-Hao Shi, Chi-Tong Chen, Xiaohui Song, Dongning Zheng, Franco Nori*, H. Wang*, and Heng Fan*, Metrological characterization of non-Gaussian entangled states of superconducting qubits. Phy. Rev. Lett. 128, 150501 (2022).
[1] Zhan Wang#, Zi-Yong Ge#, Zhongcheng Xiang#, Xiaohui Song, Rui-Zhen Huang, Pengtao Song, Xue-Yi Guo, Luhong Su, Kai Xu, Dongning Zheng*, Heng Fan*, Observation of emergent Z2 gauge invariance in a superconducting circuit. Phy. Rev. Res. 4, L022060 (2022).
2.Related to Cloud Quantum Computing Platform
[1] Hong-Ze Xu#, Zheng-An Wang, Yu-Long Feng, Yu Chen, Xinpeng Zhang, Jingbo Wang, Xu-Dan Chai, Wei-Feng Zhuang, Yu-Xin Jin, Yirong Jin, Haifeng Yu, Heng Fan, Meng-Jun Hu* , Dong E Liu*, QSteed: Quantum Software of Compilation for Supporting Real Quantum Device. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2501.06993 (2025).
[2] Yongchun Xu#, Zengtao Kuang#, Qun Huang, Jie Yang, Hamid Zahrouni, Michel Potier-Ferry, Kaixuan Huang, Jia-Chi Zhang, Heng Fan, Heng Hu*, A robust quantum nonlinear solver based on the asymptotic numerical method. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2412.03939 (2024).
[3] Yongfeng Zhu, Weifeng Zhuang, Chen Qian, Yunheng Ma, Dong E. Liu#, Manqi Ruan#, Chen Zhou#, A Novel Quantum Realization of Jet Clustering in High-Energy Physics Experiments. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2407.09056 (2024).
[4] Zhi-Peng Yang#, Yu-Ran Zhang, Fu-Li Li, and Heng Fan*, Delayed-measurement one-way quantum computing on cloud quantum computer. Chin. Phys. B. 33, 090304 (2024).
[5] Hao-Nan Xie, Shi-Jie Wei*, Fan Yang, Zheng-An Wang, Chi-Tong Chen, Heng Fan & Gui-Lu Long*, Probabilistic imaginary-time evolution algorithm based on nonunitary quantum circuits. Phys. Rev. A. 109, 052414 (2024).
[6] Li-Hang Ren*, Yun-Hao Shi, Jin-Jun Chen, and Heng Fan, Multipartite entanglement detection based on the generalized state-dependent entropic uncertainty relation for multiple measurements. Phys. Rev. A. 110, 022434 (2024).
[7] Bozhi Wang, Jingwei Wen, Jiawei Wu, Haonan Xie, Fan Yang, Dong Ruan, Shijie Wei,and Gui-lu Long, Improving the full quantum eigensolver with exponentiated operators. Phys. Rev. B 109, 245117 (2024).
[8] Tian-Ren Jin, Tian-Ming Li, Zheng-An Wang, Kai Xu*, Yu-Ran Zhang*, Heng Fan*, Recovery of damaged information via scrambling in indefinite causal order. Phys. Scr. 99, 85117 (2024).
[9] Yuchen Guo, Shuo Yang, Quantum state tomography with locally purified density operators and local measurements. Commun. Phys. 7, 322 (2024).
[10] Tian‐Ren Jin, Yun‐Hao Shi, Zheng‐An Wang, Tian‐Ming Li, Kai Xu*, Heng Fan*, Purity‐Assisted Zero‐Noise Extrapolation for Quantum Error Mitigation. Adv. Quantum Technol. 7, 2400150 (2024).
[11] Hongzhen Chen, Lingna Wang, Haidong Yuan, Simultaneous measurement of multiple incompatible observables and tradeoff in multiparameter quantum estimation. npj Quantum Inf. 10, 98 (2024).
[12] Hong-Ze Xu, Wei-Feng Zhuang, Zheng-An Wang, Kai-Xuan Huang, Yun-Hao Shi, Wei-Guo Ma, Tian-Ming Li, Chi-Tong Chen, Kai Xu, Yu-Long Feng, Pei Liu, Mo Chen, Shang-Shu Li, Zhi-Peng Yang, Chen Qian, Yu-Xin Jin, Yun-Heng Ma, Xiao Xiao, Peng Qian, Yanwu Gu, Xu-Dan Chai, Ya-Nan Pu, Yi-Peng Zhang, Shi-Jie Wei, Jin-Feng Zeng, Hang Li, Gui-Lu Long, Yirong Jin, Haifeng Yu, Heng Fan, Dong E Liu, Meng-Jun Hu*, Quafu-Qcover: explore combinatorial optimization problems on cloud-based quantum computers. Chin. Phys. B 33, 050302 (2024).
[13] Yu-Xin Jin, Hong-Ze Xu, Zheng-An Wang, Wei-Feng Zhuang, Kai-Xuan Huang, Yun-Hao Shi, Wei-Guo Ma, Tian-Ming Li, Chi-Tong Chen, Kai Xu, Yu-Long Feng, Pei Liu, Mo Chen, Shang-Shu Li, Zhi-Peng Yang, Chen Qian, Yun-Heng Ma, Xiao Xiao, Peng Qian, Yanwu Gu, Xu-Dan Chai, Ya-Nan Pu, Yi-Peng Zhang, Shi-Jie Wei, Jin-Feng Zeng, Hang Li, Gui-Lu Long, Yirong Jin, Haifeng Yu, Heng Fan, Dong E Liu & Meng-Jun Hu*, Quafu-RL: The cloud quantum computers based quantum reinforcement learning. Chin. Phys. B 33, 050301 (2024).
[14] Chi-Tong Chen, Yun-Hao Shi, Zhongcheng Xiang, Zheng-An Wang, Tian-Ming Li, Hao-Yu Sun, Tian-Shen He, Xiaohui Song, Sniping Zhao, Dongning Zheng, Kai Xu, Heng Fan*, ScQ cloud quantum computation for generating Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of up to 10 qubits. Sci. China. Phys. Mech. 65, 110362 (2022).
3.Invention Patents and Software Copyrights
[1] Kui Zhao; Jintao Li; Caiping Fang; Guihan Liang; Ziting Wang; Zheng'an Wang; Kaixuan Huang; Kai Xu; Heng Fan. Patent: "Optimization Method for Quantum Measurement Systems, Electronic Device, and Storage Medium." Application Number: 202510080487.7, 2025.
[2] Kaixuan Huang; Weiguo Ma; Yunhao Shi; Kai Xu; Heng Fan. Patent: "Superconducting Qubit Calibration Method Based on Neural Network Model." Application Number: 202410138723.1, 2024.
[3] Zhengan Wang; Yu Chen; Hongze Xu; Yipeng Zhang; Mengjun Hu; Heng Fan. Patent: "Quantum Compilation Method, Quantum Compilation Apparatus, and Electronic Device." Application Number: 202411448107.2, 2024.
[4] Yipeng Zhang; Zheng'an Wang; Yunheng Ma; Xueyi Guo; Kaixuan Huang. Patent: "Retrieval-Augmented Generation-Based Automatic Quantum Computing Program Generation Method and Apparatus Using Large Language Models." Application Number: 202411151650.6, 2024.
[5] Zhengan Wang; Hongze Xu; Mengjun Hu; Weifeng Zhuang; Chen Qian; Heng Fan. Patent: "Quantum Circuit Cutting Compilation Technology Based on Physical Hardware Conditions." Application Status: Pending, 2024.
[6] Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences. Software Copyright: "Dilution Refrigerator Temperature and Pressure Monitoring Software V1.0." Registration Number: 2024SR1260882, 2024.
[7] Jintao Li; Yongfei Wu; Yanbo Wang; Bo Han; Wenshu Wei; Xuan Yang; Zheng-An Wang; Yipeng Zhang; Qi Xu; Bu Yang; Qiong Fan. Invention Patent, Method, Electronic Device, and Medium for Performing Quantum Computing Based on Financial Models, Application No. 202511331888.1, 2025.
[8] Bu Yang; Jintao Li; Yongfei Wu; Yanbo Wang; Bo Han; Wenshu Wei; Xuan Yang; Qi Xu; Zheng-An Wang; Yipeng Zhang; Qiong Fan. Invention Patent, Method and Apparatus for Processing Tasks Using Quantum Cloud Computing Resources, Application No. 2025111790172, 2025.
[9] Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences; Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Quafu Quantum Computing Cloud Platform Backend System V1.0. Registration No. 2025SR2317440, 2025.
[10] Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences; Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. QuaLab Superconducting Qubit Measurement and Control Software V1.0. Registration No. 2025SR2503256, 2025.
[11] Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences. Quafu Insights Literature Retrieval and Reasoning System V1.0. Registration No. 2025SR1750155, 2025.
[12] Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences; Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Quafu Quantum Computing Cloud Platform Frontend System V1.0. Application No. 2025R11S2648710, 2025.